Yes, you can — YouTube dropped this in June 2024.
However: Their tool is not as powerful as Thumbnail Test. With YouTube, you can only test 3 thumbnails per video — that's only if your channel is eligible for this feature.
Besides: You can't A/B test Shorts, kids content, or mature-labelled content. You can do all of that with Thumbnail Test.
YouTube has been postponing this feature for 5 and a half years — at first it was impossible to know what’s really gonna happen.
Have a look at how Thumbnail Test compares against YouTube.